Integrated image monitoring system using head-mounted display for gasless single-port clampless partial nephrectomy.

A novel head-mounted display (HMD) offers a higher quality of endoscopic imagery in front of the eyes regardless of head position. We present an application of the HMD system as a personal integrated multi-image monitoring system in gasless single-port clampless partial nephrectomy (PN). Our HMD system displayed multiple forms of information as integrated, sharp, high-contrast images both seamlessly and synchronously using a four-split screen. The surgeon wearing an HMD display could continuously and simultaneously monitor the endoscopic, three-dimensional (3D) video and intraoperative ultrasound images. In addition, the operator can rotate the 3D video image using fingertip movements on the finger tracking system. All two clampless partial nephrectomies were safely completed within the operative time, blood loss was within usual limits and there were no complications. The integrated image HMD system might facilitate maneuverability and safety in minimally invasive clampless PN.